SMITHSONIAN    INSTITUTION 

UNITED     STATES    NATIONAL     MUSEUM 


CONTRIBUTIONS 


FROM  THE 


DNITED  STATES  NATIONAL  HERBARIUM 

VOLUME  16,  PART  10 


ANNONA  SERICEA  AND 
ITS  ALLIES 


By     WILLIAM     E.     SAFFORD 


WASHINGTON 

GOVERNMENT  PRINTING  OFFICE 
1913 


BULLETIN  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES  NATIONAL  MUSEUM 

ISSUED  DECEMBER  13,  1913. 
ii 


OK: 

415" 
3JU 


PREFACE. 


The  accompanying  paper,  by  Mr.  William  E.  Safford,  of  the  United 
States  Department  of  Agriculture,  deals  with  a  tropical  American 
subgroup  of  the  genus  Annona  here  distinguished  as  a  new  section, 
Pilannona,  with  Annona  sericea  as  its  type.  Ten  species  are  recog- 
nized, of  which  seven  are  described  as  new.  The  older  species  are 
redescribed  after  a  critical  examination  of  the  type  specimens. 

FREDERICK  V.  COVILLE, 
Curator  of  the  United  States  National  Herbarium. 


647027 


CONTENTS. 

Page. 

Introduction 263 

Systematic  treatment 263 

Index...  vii 


ILLUSTRATIONS. 


PLATES. 

Facing  page 

PLATE  85.  Annona  sericea  Dunal 266 

86.  Annona  sericea  Dunal 267 

87.  Annona  jenmanii  Safford 268 

88.  Annona  trinitensis  Safford 268 

89.  Annona  longipes  Safford 269 

90.  Annona  holosericea  Safford 270 

91.  A.  Annona  sericea  Dunal.    B.  Annona  holosericea  Safford 270 

92.  Annona  spraguei  Safford 271 

93.  Annona  spraguei  Safford 271 

94.  Annona  cercocarpa  Safford 272 

95.  Annona  echinata  Safford 273 

96.  Annona  echinata  Safford 273 

97.  Annona  acuminata  Safford 274 

98.  Annona  jamaicensis  Sprague 275 

99.  Annona  jamaicensis  Sprague 275 

TEXT  FIGURES. 

Page. 

FIGURE  42.  Fruit  of  Annona  sericea 266 

43.  Leaf  and  fruit  of  Annona  spraguei 271 

44.  Leafy  twig  and  fruit  of  Annona  cercocarpa 272 

v 


AMOM  SERICEA  AND  ITS  ALLIES. 


BY  WILLIAM  E.  SAFFORD. 


INTRODUCTION. 

In  continuance  of  his  studies  in  the  Annonaceae,  the  writer  finds 
that  the  silky  annona  of  French  Guiana  (Annona  sericea  Dunal)  is 
the  type  of  a  natural  subgroup  of  the  genus  Annona,  which  should  be 
segregated  as  a  section.  Tlxis  will  be  composed  of  at  least  ten 
species,  several  of  which  have  not  hitherto  received  names.  In 
addition  to  defining  the  section  and  characterizing  the  species,  it  has 
been  possible  in  this  paper  to  present  photographs  of  a  number  of 
the  type  specimens,  including  that  of  Annona  echinata  and  the  flower 
of  A.  sericea,  described  and  figured  by  Dunal  in  his  classical  mono- 
graph of  the  Annonaceae.  For  the  photographs  of  the  latter,  the 
types  of  which  are  in  the  De  Candolle  Prodromus  Herbarium,  the 
writer  is  indebted  to  M.  Augustin  de  Candolle.  For  that  of  A.  trini- 
tensis  he  is  indebted  to  the  Director  of  the  Royal  Gardens  at  Kew. 
The  remainder  of  the  photographs,  including  those  of  A.  spraguei, 
A.  holosericea,  and  A.  jamaicensis  were  taken  in  Washington  under 
the  writer's  direction. 

The  accompanying  drawings  were  made  by  Mr.  A.  B.  Boettcher 
and  Mr.  J.  M.  Shull,  those  of  the  essential  parts  being  reproduced 
from  camera  lucida  drawings  of  the  writer. 

SYSTEMATIC  TREATMENT. 

The  species  here  described  form  a  fairly  well-defined  genus  sec- 
tion, for  which  the  name  Pilannona  is  proposed,  to  give  it  coordi- 
nate rank  with  the  sections  Eu annona  (based  upon  Annona  muricata 
L.),  Atta  (including  Annona  squamosa,  A.  cherimola,  and  their 
allies),  llama  (based  upon  A.  diversifolia  Safford),  Annonella  (based 
upon  A.  globiflora  Schlecht.),1  and  Chelonocarpus  (based  upon  A, 
scleroderma  Safford).2  As  in  other  natural  plant  groups  there  are 

1  See  Safford,  W.  E.    The  Genus  Annona:  The  Derivation  of  its  Name  and  its 
Taxonomic  subdivisions.    Journ.  Washington  Acad.  Sci.  1: 118.  1911. 

2  See  Journ.  Washington  Acad.  Sci.  3:103-109.  1913. 

263 


264  CONTRIBUTIONS    FROM    THE    NATIONAL    HERBARIUM. 

certain  species  which  appear  to  ^orm  connections  with  allied  groups, 
so  in  the  section  Pilannona  the  tjrpe  species,  A.  sericea  Dunal,  appears 
to  be  allied  to  the  6-petaled  A.  pdludosa  Aubl.  and  sometimes  has  3 
imperfectly  developed  inner  petals;  while,  at  the  opposite  end  of  the 
series,  A.  jamaicensis  Sprague  approaches  A.  cherimola,  belonging  to 
the  section  Atta.  Notwithstanding  these  connecting  links,  the  group 
may  be  regarded  as  sufficiently  distinct,  and  the  species  composing  it 
are  most  conveniently  set  apart  for  study  as  a  section  by  themselves. 
The  section  may  be  characterized  as  follows: 

ANNONA,  section  PILANNONA  Safford. 

Flowers  normally  3-petaled,  spheroid  or  rarely  oblong  in  bud,  the  petals  valvate, 
thick,  concave,  and  not  keeled  within  nor  triquetrous;  receptacle  convex,  often 
clothed  with  short  fine  straight  bristle-like  hairs;  stamens  numerous,  with  the  connec- 
tive expanded  into  a  terminal  head  above  the  two  parallel  pollen  sacs,  the  surface  of 
the  head  being  either  minutely  papillose  or  echinate,  and  in  some  cases  bearing  a 
number  of  erect  or  slightly  curved  hairs;  carpels  numerous,  crowded,  more  or  less 
covered  with  sericeous  hairs,  with  club-shaped  styles  and  minutely  tuberculate  or 
echinate  ovoid  stigmas. 

As  compared  with  the  common  custard  apples  of  commerce  (Annona  reticulata, 
A.  cherimola,  and  their  allies),  the  fruits  of  this  group  are  small,  in  many  cases  no  larger 
than  a  plum  or  peach  and  sometimes  the  size  of  a  strawberry.  In  nearly  all  the  spe- 
cies the  surface  of  the  fruit  is  velvety,  especially  during  the  early  stages,  and  the  seeds 
are  surrounded  by  scant  pulp.  As  the  name  indicates,  the  young  growth  of  the  type 
species  and  its  close  allies  is  sericeous  or  velvety,  and  the  leaves  of  most  of  the  species 
are  more  or  less  velvety  or  sericeous,  at  least  on  the  lower  surface.  In  a  few  cases 
they  become  glabrate  at  length. 

KEY  TO  THE   SPECIES. 

Peduncles  in  clusters  of  2  or  3;  flower  buds  depressed-globose; 
leaves  oblong-acuminate,  membranaceous,  clothed  beneath 
with  soft  brown  velvety  pubescence.  A  small  tree  of  British 

Guiana  and  northern  Brazil 2.  A .  jenmanii. 

Peduncles  solitary  (in  no.  1  sometimes  geminate). 
Lower  leaves  of  flowering  branches  orbicular;   stigmas  and  con- 
nectives of  stamens  densely  pilose  or  velvety.     A  small 

tree  of  Nicoya,  Costa  Rica 5.  A.  holosericea. 

Lower  leaves  not  orbicular. 

Bracteoles  of  peduncles  linear-lanceolate,  acuminate;   leaves 
small,    long-acuminate,    membranaceous,    glabrate.     A 

small  tree  of  Panama 9.  A .  acuminate. 

Bracteoles  of  peduncles  not  linear-lanceolate,  acuminate. 
Peduncle  usually  3  times  as  long  as  the  petioles,  slender, 
softly  pilose  and  recurved  in  fruit;  leaves  ovate  or  ellip- 
tical, membranaceous,  persistently  soft-tomentose  be- 
neath;  fruit   strawberry -shaped,  without   projecting 

points.    A  tree  of  southern  Veracruz,  Mexico 4.  A.  longipes. 

Peduncles  less  than  three  times  the  length  of  the  petioles. 
Leaves  thickly  tomentose  beneath,  oblong,  acuminate; 
fruit  covered  with  fleshy  claw-like  projections.     A 
forest  tree  of  Panama 6.  A.  spraguei. 


SAFFORD AN  NONA   SERICEA   AND  ITS  ALLIES.  26o 

Leaves  sericeous  or  subtomentose  beneath  or  at  length 

glabrate. 

Leaves  acute  or  gradually  acuminate,  membranaceous; 
midrib  and  lateral  nerves  reddish-sericeous  be- 
neath;  fruit  ovoid,  echinate;  flowers  solitary  or 
geminate.  A  tree  of  the  savannas  of  French  Guiana.     1.  A.  sericea. 
Leaves  abruptly  or  obtusely  acuminate. 
Fruit  verrucose,  strawberry-shaped;    leaves  shortly 
and  obtusely  acuminate.    A  tree  growing  on 

the  island  of  Trinidad 3.  A.  trinitensis. 

Fruit  echinate,  or  with  the  carpels  produced  into 

points  or  tails. 

Lowermost  leaves  of  flowering  branches  broadly 
ovate-cordate,  the  carpels  terminating  in 
minute  tail-like  appendages.  A  tree  growing 

on  the  Magdalena  River,  Colombia 7.  A.  cercocarpa. 

Lowermost  leaves  elliptical  or  obovate. 
Flowers  globose  in  bud;  fruit  ovoid,  the  carpels 
terminating  in  recurved  points.    A  tree  of 

French  Guiana 8.  A .  echinata. 

Flowers  oblong  or  ovoid  in  bud;  fruit  spheroid 
or  oblate,  the  carpels  terminating  in  in- 
curved points.  A  tree  of  the  island  of 
Jamaica 10.  A.jamaicensis. 

1.  Annona  sericea  Dunal. 
SILKY  ANNONA  OP  FRENCH  GUIANA. 

Anona  sericea  Dunal,  Monogr.  Anon.  69.  pi.  5.  1817. 

A  small  tree;  young  branches  slender,  clothed  at  first  with  soft  ferrugineous  or  dark 
red  silky  hairs;  leaves  distichous;  petioles  short  (4  to  8  mm.  long),  ferrugineous-seri- 
ceous;  upper  leaves  on  flowering  branches  longer  and  relatively  narrower  than  those 
near  the  base,  oblong  to  oblong-lanceolate  or  obovate-oblong,  10.5  to  18  cm.  long  and 
3.5  to  5.5  cm.  broad,  acute  or  acuminate  at  the  apex,  short-acute  or  rounded  at  the  base, 
membranaceous,  finely  and  densely  pellucid-punctulate,  glabrate  above  with  impressed 
midrib  and  inconspicuous  lateral  nerves  (18  to  25  on  each  side),  subtomentose 
beneath,  the  prominent  midrib  and  slightly  curved  parallel  nerves  clothed  with  dark 
red  or  maroon  silky  hairs;  lower  leaves  on  the  flowering  branches  ovate  or  elliptical, 
often  obtuse  or  emarginate  as  in  many  other  Annonaceae;  flowers  normally  3-petaled, 
globose  in  bud;  peduncles  solitary  or  sometimes  in  pairs,  extra-axillary,  straight,  11  to 
16  mm.  long,  1-flowered,  appressed  ferrugineous  pubescent,  with  a  minute  caducous 
tomentose  scale  at  the  base  and  an  inconspicuous  bracteole  near  the  middle ;  unopened 
flower  buds  10  to  12  mm.  in  diameter;  calyx  gamosepalous,  3-lobed,  the  lobes  broadly 
triangular-ovate,  abruptly  acuminate  or  cuspidate,  clothed  on  the  outside  with 
appressed  dark  red  hairs;  petals  broadly  ovate  or  suborbicular  (12  to  16  mm.  long  and 
10  to  12  mm.  broad),  obtuse,  thick,  valvate,  concave,  clothed  on  the  outside  with  fine 
ferrugineous-sericeous  pubescence  and  on  the  inside  with  golden  brown  or  pale  ful- 
vous tomentulum;  torus  6  mm.  in  diameter,  convex,  clothed  with  straight  yellowish 
diaphanous  caducous  hairs  and  bearing  numerous  crowded  stamens  1.8  to  2.2  mm. 
long;  filaments  very  short,  flat;  pollen  sacs  linear,  parallel,  1.5  to  1.7  mm.  long,  pale 
straw-colored,  the  connective  expanded  above  them  into  a  hood-like  covering,  yel- 
lowish, finely  papillose,  covered  with  minute  points  and  bearing  a  number  of  erect  stiff 


266 


CONTRIBUTIONS    FROM    THE    NATIONAL    HERBARIUM. 


sharp  whitish  diaphanous  hairs;  carpels  together  with  the  styles  about  as  long  as  the 
stamens,  the  ovaries  rufous-sericeous,  the  styles  club-shaped,  chocolate  brown,  micro- 
scopically granular  on  the  surface,  the  terminal  stigmas  swollen  at  the  time  of  polli- 
nation and  minutely  tuberculate;  fruit  (immature  specimen  collected  by  Poiteau) 
ovoid  or  heart-shaped,  muricate  with  sharp  fleshy  points,  like  a  minature  fruit  of 
A.  murieata  in  appearance,  2.5  cm.  long,  1.8  cm.  in  diameter;  seeds  small,  ovoid, 
somewhat  compressed  and  bearing  a  swollen  caruncle  at  the  base.  (PLATES  85,  86, 
91,  A,  facing  p.  270.  FIGURE  42.) 

Type  in  the  Prodromus  Herbarium  of   De  Candolle  at  Geneva,  collected  some 
time  during  the  latter  part  of  the  eighteenth  century  in  French  Guiana  by  Patris.1 
DISTRIBUTION:  Guiana  to  Brazil. 

SPECIMENS  EXAMINED:  FRENCH  GUIANA — "Cayenne,"  1795?, 
Patris,  flower  of  type  collection,  also  specimen  from  same  locality 
with  geminate  peduncles,  from  Prodromus  Herbarium  of  De 
Candolle;  Karouauy,  1855,  P.  Sagot  7;  without  definite  locality, 
1817-1822,  Poiteau,  photograph  of  specimen  in  Kew  Herbarium, 
from  the  Gay  Herbarium,  presented  by  Poiteau  in  July,  1824, 
to  Gay,  and  by  Dr.  Hooker  to  the  Kew  Herbarium  in  February, 
1868. 

Annona  sericea,  though  normally  3-petaled,  has  sometimes  3 
additional  inner  petals.  These  when  present  are  linear-lanceolate 
in  shape  and  are  sometimes  imperfect,  as  in  abnormal  flowers  of 
A.  globiflora.  They  are  alternate  with  the  3  outer  petals  and 
appear  to  close  the  seams  between  them,  as  if  to  protect  the 
essential  parts  of  the  flower  from  moisture,  as  in  the  case  of  A. 
angustifolia  Huber,  a  closely  allied  shrub  of  Brazil,  regarded  by 
Martius  as  a  narrow-leaved  variety  of  A.  sericea  (A.  sericea  var. 
angustifolia  Mart.).2  These  6-petaled  forms  appear  to  connect 
A.  sericea  with  A.  paludosa  Aubl.,  in  which  the  flowers  are 
normally  6-petaled.  Annona  paludosa  further  resembles  A. 
sericea  in  the  soft,  velvety  lining  of  its  leaves  and  its  small, 
ovoid  fruit  covered  with  fleshy  prickles,  very  much  like  the  fruit 
collected  by  Poiteau  in  French  Guiana  (fig.  42).3  The  two  species  are  undoubtedly 
distinct,  both  of  them  being  recorded  as  common  in  French  Guiana,  where  they  are 
known  by  the  common  name  guimame.  According  to  Sagot  A.  sericea  is  distinguished 
from.  A.  paludosa  as  guimame  savane.  The  latter  is  known  simply  as  guimame,  or  as 
corossol  sauvage  (from  the  resemblance  of  its  fruit  to  a  miniature  soursop).4 

1  Patris,  J.  B.     "Medecin  et  botaniste  du  roi,  et  conseiller  au  Conseil-supe'rieur  de 
Cayenne,"  for  whom  the  genus  Patrisa  was  named  by  Richard.     "He  collected  with 
great  zeal  in  French  Guiana  about  the  year  1795.    His  collection,  which  probably 
included  twelve  or  fifteen  hundred  species,  and  which  has  been  estimated  at  two  thou- 
sand, on  account  of  duplicates,  was  presented  by  the  chevalier  Turgot  to  Lhe'ritier 
and  was  acquired  by  A.  P.  de  Candolle,  when  he  purchased  Lhe'ritier's  herbarium 
Patris's  plants,  which  form  more  than  half  the  Guiana  species  of  the  original  herbarium 
of  the  Prodromus,  bear  neither  the  signature  of  Patris  nor  a  record  of  the  exact  locality 
in  which  they  were  collected.     Patris  was  in  communication  with  de  Rohr  and  Ro- 
lander.    His  specimens  were  prepared  with  great  care,  and  were  probably  represented 
by  either  a  single  sheet  or  by  two  or  three . ' '    Sagot,  Catalogue  des  Plantes  de  la  Guyane 
Francaise.     Ann.  Sci.  Nat.  VI.  Bot.  10:  367. 

2  Huber,  Bol.  Mus.  Goeldi  5:  353.  1909. 

3  See  Aubl.  PI.  Guian.  1:  611.  pi.  246.  1775. 

4  Sagot,  Ann.  Sci.  Nat.  VI.  Bot.  11: 134.  1880. 


FIG.  42.— Fruit  of  An- 
nona sericea.  Natural 
ske. 


Contr.  Nat.  Herb.,  Vol.  16. 


PLATE  85. 


ANNONA  SERICEA  DUNAL. 


Contr.  Nat.  Herb.,  Vol.  16. 


PLATE  86. 


ANNONA  SERICEA  DUNAL. 


SAFFORD ANNONA   SERICEA  AND  ITS  ALLIES.  267 

In  the  original  description  of  Annona  sericea  by  Dunal  the  collector's  name  is  not 
given  nor  does  it  appear  in  De  Candolle's  Prodromus.  It  is,  however,  to  be  found  in 
the  Systema.1  The  type  is  in  an  excellent  state  of  preservation,  and  the  drawing 
of  it  here  presented  (pi.  86)  proves  that  Dunal 's  figure  is  fairly  accurate,  showing  the 
flower  to  be  extra-axillary,  though  he  erroneously  describes  it  as  axillary,  and  the 
peduncles  possibly  to  have  been  geminate,  as  shown  in  plate  85.  He  does  not, 
however,  figure  the  details  of  the  essential  parts  of  the  flower,  a  deficiency  supplied 
in  plate  86.  The  flower  of  the  type  itself  (see  pi.  91,  A),  kindly  lent  for  the  occasion 
by  M.  Augustin  de  Candolle,  is  in  excellent  condition  and  has  not  the  least  appearance 
of  being,  as  it  actually  is,  more  than  a  century  old.  In  this  type  specimen  the  carpels 
and  stamens  are  cemented  in  place  by  the  glue-like  exudation  from  the  stigmas,  to 
which  some  of  the  pollen  grains  still  adhere. 

The  type  plant  collected  by  Patris  formed  part  of  Lh£ritier's  herbarium.2  In 
another  specimen  of  the  same  collection  (pi.  85)  and  bearing  a  similar  label  the 
peduncles  are  geminate.  The  leaves  are  exactly  similar  to  those  of  the  type  speci- 
men, the  lower  surface  of  the  young  ones  being  covered  with  reddish  silky  hairs, 
while  the  older  ones  are  subtomentose  beneath  and  of  an  olivaceous  color  between 
the  nerves,  sharply  contrasting  with  the  bright  reddish  silky-tomentose  midrib  and 
lateral  nerves. 

Annona  sericea  is  represented  in  Brazil  by  a  narrow-leaved  form,  A,  angustifolia 
Huber,  to  which  reference  has  already  been  made.  A  broad-leaved  ally  on  the 
Island  of  Trinidad,  which  was  included  by  Sprague  in  A.  sericea,  is  below  segregated 
as  A.  trinitensis. 

EXPLANATION  OP  PLATES  85,  86.— PI.  85,  photograph  of  specimen  from  type  locality  in  the  De  Can- 
dolle  Prodromus  Herbarium,  showing  geminate  peduncles.  Natural  size.  PI.  86,  drawing  of  type.  Nat- 
ural size.  Fig.  a,  flower  of  same  with  two  petals  truncated  and  one  removed  to  show  the  essential  parts; 
6,  stamens  of  same  showing  the  stiff  hairs  borne  on  the  terminal,  swollen  connective;  c,  carpel  composed 
of  hairy  ovary  and  style  terminating  in  a  minutely  tuberculate  stigma;  d,  apex  of  leaf,  showing  silky 
indument  of  lower  surface.  Fig.  a,  scale  3;  6  and  c,  scale  15;  d,  natural  size. 

2.  Annona  jenmanii  Safford,  sp.  nov. 
SILKY  ANNONA  OF  BRITISH  GUIANA. 

A  shrub  or  small  tree;  young  branches  slender,  clothed  with  dense  appressed 
ferrugineous  hairs;  leaves  distichous;  petioles  6  to  10  mm.  long,  frequently  re- 
curved, ferrugineous-sericeous;  blades  obovate-oblong  to  oblanceolate,  the  lowermost 
on  the  branchlets  lanceolate,  smaller  than  the  succeeding  ones  but  not  broad  and  retuse 
as  in  A.  sericea,  6  cm.  long  by  2  cm.  broad,  the  larger  10  to  19  cm.  long  by  2.5  to  5.5 
cm.  broad,  gradually  acuminate  at  the  apex  and  acute  or  cuneate  at  the  base,  mem- 
branaceous,  pellucid-punctulate,  sparsely  pubescent  above  except  along  the  impressed 
hairy  midrib,  at  length  glabrescent,  clothed  beneath  with  persistent  chocolate-brown 
velvety  pubescence  except  along  the  ferrugineous-sericeous  midrib  and  parallel 
slightly  curved  lateral  nerves  (20  to  25  on  each  side);  flowers  normally  3-petaled; 
peduncles  geminate  or  fascicled,  extra-axillary,  usually  recurved,  10  to  15  mm.  long, 
clothed  with  ferrugineous  appressed  hairs  and  with  a  minute  broadly  ovate  obtuse 
bracteole  near  the  middle  and  one  at  the  base;  unopened  flower-buds  12  to  15  mm. 
in  diameter,  spheroid ;  calyx  lobes  broadly  triangular,  shortly  and  abruptly  acuminate, 
clothed  on  the  outside  like  the  peduncle  with  appressed  ferrugineous  hairs;  petals 
broadly  ovate  or  suborbicular,  obtuse  (14  to  16  mm.  long  by  16  to  18  mm.  broad),  thick 
and  coriaceous,  clothed  on  the  outside  with  fine  dense  velvety  ferrugineous  pubescence 
and  on  the  inside  with  fulvous  tomentulum;  receptacle  convex,  clothed  with  short 
stiff  fulvous  hairs;  stamens  numerous,  crowded,  1.9  to  2.4  mm.  long,  with  a  short 
broad  filament  and  linear  parallel  pollen  sacs  surmounted  by  the  swollen  expanded 

1  DC.  Reg.  Veg.  Syst.  1:  471.  1818.  2  See  footnote  1,  p.  266  above. 


268  CONTRIBUTIONS    FROM    THE    NATIONAL    HERBARIUM. 

connective,  the  latter  papillose  and  bearing  stiff  erect  or  spreading  somewhat  curved 
acute  hairs,  abundant  on  the  immature  stamens  and  visible  under  an  ordinary  lens, 
at  length  more  or  less  deciduous;  carpels  including  the  styles  about  as  long  as  the 
stamens,  club-shaped,  terminating  in  a  swollen  tuberculate  stigma;  fruit  not  observed. 
(PLATE  87.) 

Type  in  the  IT.  S.  National  Herbarium,  no.  703145,  collected  near  Rockstone, 
British  Guiana,  April,  1899,  by  G.  S.  Jenman  (no.  7546).  This  specimen  was  kindly 
sent  to  the  U.  S.  Department  of  Agriculture  by  Mr.  John  F.  Waby,  acting  government 
botanist  at  Georgetown,  Demerara. 

DISTRIBUTION:  British  Guiana  and  northern  Brazil. 

SPECIMENS  EXAMINED:  BRITISH  GUIANA — Near  Rockstone,  April,  1899,  Jenman 
7546  (type).  Brazil:  Barra  do  Rio  Negro  [Manaos],  October,  1851,  R.  Spruce  1868 
(in  Herb.  De  Candolle). 

Annona  jenmanii,  though  closely  related  to  A.  sericea,  has  its  peduncles  normally 
geminate  or  fascicled  and  is  readily  distinguished  from  the  latter  species  by  the  dull 
chocolate  brown,  tomentose  indument  of  the  lower  surface  of  the  leaves,  very  much 
like  that  of  A.  paludosa,  in  which  the  midrib  and  lateral  nerves  are  not  conspicu- 
ous. In  A.  sericea  the  contrast  of  the  bright  reddish-sericeous  midrib  and  nerves  with 
the  tomentose  area  between  them  is  quite  striking. 

EXPLANATION  OF  PLATE  87.— Flowering  branches,  showing  extra-axillary,  clustered  flowers.  Natural 
size.  Figs,  a,  a',  carpels  with  hairy  ovaries  and  club-shaped  styles  terminating  in  tuberculate  stigmas; 
6,  b",  mature  stamens,  ventral  view,  with  the  heads  of  the  connectives  partly  denuded  of  hair;  V,  im- 
mature stamen,  dorsal  view,  showing  the  two  parallel  pollen  sacs,  dehiscent  along  their  median  line, 
and  the  heads  of  the  connective  bearing  spreading,  stiff  hairs.  Figs,  a  to  b",  scale  20;  after  camera  lucida 
drawings  of  the  author. 

3.  Annona  tzinitensis  Safford,  sp.  nov. 
SILKY  ANNONA  OF  THE  ISLAND  OP  TRINIDAD. 

Annona  sericea  Sprague,  Bull.  Herb.  Boiss.  II.  5:  700. 1905,  in  part,  not  Dunal,  1817. 

A  tree  5  or  6  meters  high;  branches  rather  slender,  the  younger  sericeous-tomentose 
with  ferrugineous  hairs;  petioles  4  to  10  mm.  long,  sericeous-tomentose;  blades  ovate, 
elliptical,  or  obovate,  obtuse  or  shortly  and  rather  obtusely  acuminate  at  the  apex, 
cuneate  or  rounded  at  the  base,  9.5  to  15  cm.  long,  5.5  to  6.5  cm.  broad,  puberulous above 
except  along  the  pubescent  midrib,  dark  chestnut  brown,  clothed  beneath  with  brown 
tomentulum  or  pubescence  except  along  the  midrib  and  nerves,  these  sericeous- 
tomentose  ;  lateral  nerves  12  to  16  on  each  side,  slightly  curved,  not  impressed  above, 
prominent  beneath;  peduncle  extra-axillary,  solitary,  1-flowered,  tomentose,  at  length 
glabrate,  with  a  bracteole  at  or  below  the  middle;  flowers  3-petaled;  calyx  lobes 
broadly  ovate,  shortly  acuminate,  sericeous-tomentose  on  the  outside,  within  sparsely 
sericeous  at  the  base,  elsewhere  glabrate;  petals  ovate,  obtuse,  18  to  20  mm.  long, 
15  mm.  broad,  sericeous  on  the  outside;  filaments  0.5  mm.  long;  anthers  1.5  to  1.75 
mm.  long;  connective  above  the  anthers  broadly  expanded  into  a  head,  papillose  and 
bearing  long  hairs  (Sprague);  lower  part  of  the  style  together  with  the  ovary  1.25 
to  1.5  mm.  long,  the  upper  part  0.75  to  1.25  mm.  long;  stigma  broadly  and  obtusely 
ovoid,  0.25  to  0.35  mm.  long;  fruit  similar  to  that  of  a  strawberry  (Fragaria  vesca],  2.5 
to  3.5  cm.  long,  about  2  cm.  in  diameter,  warty;  seeds  4.5  to  5  mm.  long,  2.5  mm. 
broad.  (PLATE  88.) 

Type  in  the  Kew  Herbarium,  collected  on  the  Island  of  Trinidad,  1877-80,  by 
August  Fendler  (no.  205). 

DISTRIBUTION:  Known  only  from  type  locality. 

The  type  of  this  species  waa  referred  by  Sprague  to  Annona  sericea  Dunal  of 
French  Guiana.  From  this  species,  however,  it  is  separated  by  its  relatively 
broader  and  more  obtuse  leaves,  described  by  Sprague  as  "breviter  obtusiuscule 
acuminata"  at  the  apex,  which  is  not  true  of  A.  sericea  Dunal,  and  by  its  fruit,  de- 


Contr.  Nat.  Herb.,  Vol.  16. 


PLATE  87. 


ANNONA  JENMANII  SAFFORD. 


ANNONA  TRINITENSIS  SAFFORD. 


Contr.  Nat.  Herb.,  Vol.  16. 


PLATE  89. 


ANNONA  LONGIPES  SAFFORD. 


SAPFORD ANNONA   SERICEA  AND  ITS  ALLIES.  269 

scribed  as  verrucose  and  resembling  a  strawberry,  instead  of  echinate  or  muricate 
like  that  of  the  true  A.  sericea  Dunal  growing  in  French  Guiana  (fig.  42).  It  may  be 
regarded  as  a  broad -leaved  representative  of  A.  sericea,  growing  on  the  Island  of  Trini- 
dad, intermediate,  perhaps  between  A.  sericea  and  A.  jamaicensis  Sprague,  just  as 
A.  angusti/olia  Huber  may  be  regarded  as  a  narrow-leaved  representative  of  the  same 
species  growing  in  Brazil,  intermediate,  perhaps,  between  A.  sericea  and  A.  paludosa 
Aubl. 

EXPLANATION  OF  PLATE  88.— Branch,  showing  lower  surface  of  leaves  and  base  of  old,  extra-axillary 
peduncle  from  which  flower  has  been  broken.  Photographed  from  type  in  Kew  Herbarium.  Natural  size. 

4.  Annona  longipes  Safford,  sp.  nov. 
LONG-STEMMED  ANNONA  OF  VERACRUZ. 

A  tree  10  meters  high;  young  branches  slender,  clothed  with  dense  long  soft  fulvous 
pubescence,  at  length  glabrate,  with  cinnamon-colored  or  reddish  brown  bark  bearing 
numerous  white  lenticels;  leaves  distichous;  petioles  8  to  13  mm.  long,  densely 
clothed  with  long  fulvous  velvety  pubescence;  blades  ovate,  9  to  14  cm.  long  and 
4  to  6.5  cm.  broad,  acute  or  acuminate  at  the  apex,  usually  rounded  at  the  base, 
membranaceous,  pellucid-punctulate,  olive  green  when  dry,  sparsely  pubescent 
above  except  along  the  impressed  hairy  midrib,  clothed  beneath  with  sparse  white 
hairs  except  along  the  fulvous  or  pale  rufous  midrib  and  lateral  nerves  (12  to  14  on 
each  side),  these  densely  hairy,  somewhat  prominent  beneath  and  connected  by 
oblique  veins  scarcely  visible  above;  lower  leaves  of  flowering  branches  smaller 
than  the  upper  and  sometimes  obtuse  or  retuse  at  the  apex;  peduncles  solitary,  extra- 
axillary,  very  long  (30  to  42  mm.),  persistently  slender,  clothed  with  persistent  dense 
fulvous  velvety  pubescence  with  a  scale-like  pubescent  bracteole  at  the  base  and  a 
second  smaller  bracteole  below  the  middle;  flowers  not  observed;  fruit  shaped  like  a 
strawberry,  broadly  conoid,  rounded  at  the  apex,  25  mm.  long  and  21  mm.  in  diam- 
eter, the  surface  finely  ferrugineous-tomentose,  without  projections  but  covered  with 
gibbous  areoles  corresponding  to  the  individual  carpels,  the  latter  closely  cemented 
together  and  terminating  each  in  an  inconspicuous  appressed  point;  seeds  asym- 
metrically obovate,  often  obliquely  truncate  at  the  apex  and  with  a  swollen  caruncle 
at  the  base,  light  brown,  smooth,  10  to  11  mm.  long  and  5  to  6  mm.  broad,  easily 
separable  from  the  scant  pulp.  (PLATE  89.) 

Type  in  the  U.  S.  National  Herbarium,  no.  45591,  collected  on  the  slope  of  a  hill 
near  the  outlet  of  Lake  Catemaco,  Canton  de  los  Tuxtlas,  southeastern  Veraer«;t, 
Mexico,  April  28,  1894,  by  E.  W.  Nelson  (no.  430). 

DISTRIBUTION:  Southern  Veracruz,  near  the  coast  of  the  Gulf  of  Campeachy,  aJ:  ;x» 
altitude  of  300  meters.  Known  only  from  the  type  locality. 

Although  undoubtedly  related  to  the  silky  annonas,  this  species  is  separated  from 
them  by  the  dense,  erect,  velvety,  fulvous  or  pale  rufous  pubescence  of  its  younger 
parts,  which  are  never  appressed  ferrugineous  sericeous,  as  in  A.  sericea  and  its  close 
allies.  It  is  also  set  apart  by  its  fruit,  which  is  not  echinate  nor  muricate,  and  above 
all  by  its  long,  persistently  slender  and  velvety  peduncles. 

EXPLANATION  OF  PLATE  89.— Drawing,  by  Mr.  A.  B.  Boettcher,  of  fruit-bearing  branch;  also  longi- 
tudinal section  of  fruit  and  seed.  Natural  size. 

5.  Annona  holosericea  Safford,  sp.  nov. 
VELVETY  ANNONA  op  NICOYA. 

A  small  tree;  ultimate  branches  densely  fulvous-tomentose  when  young,  at  length 
glabrate,  with  grayish  brown  bark,  this  plicate-striate  when  dry  and  bearing  very  small 
inconspicuous  lenticels;  old  leaf  scars  prominent,  each  bearing  a  tuft  of  fulvous 
tomentum;  leaves  distichous;  petioles  4  to  5  mm.  long,  densely  fulvous-tomentose; 
blades  orbicular  to  obovate,  rounded  or  cuneate  at  the  base,  the  lowermost  on  the 


270  CONTRIBUTIONS    FROM    THE    NATIONAL    HERBARIUM. 

flowering  branches  subreniform  and  often  retuse;  upper  obovate  leaves  (young  speci- 
mens only  observed)  7  cm.  long  and  4  cm.  broad;  orbicular  leaves  5  or  6  cm.  in  diame- 
ter; lowermost  emarginate  leaves  3  to  4  cm.  in  diameter;  all  of  them  membranaceous, 
punctulate,  above  velvety-pubescent  and  at  length  glabrate  except  along  the 
impressed  midrib,  beneath  clothed  with  dense  soft  fulvous  or  pale  rufous  tomentum 
on  the  prominent  midrib  and  lateral  nerves  (8  to  12  on  each  side)  and  with  grayish  or 
olivaceous  tomentum  between  the  nerves;  lateral  nerves  of  the  lowermost  leaves  con- 
nected by  veins  at  right-angles  to  them;  peduncles  short,  solitary,  1-flowered,  extra- 
axillary,  7  to  9  mm.  long,  densely  clothed  with  tomentum  like  that  of  the  young 
branchlets  and  bearing  a  small  tomentose  bracteole  below  the  middle;  sepals  broadly 
ovate-triangular,  4  or  5  mm.  long,  obtusely  acuminate,  clothed  on  the  outside  with 
dense  fulvous  tomentum;  petals  3,  broadly  ovate,  12  mm.  long  and  10  or  11  mm. 
broad,  acute  or  obtuse,  thick  and  leathery,  clothed  with  short  pale  brown  velvety 
tomentum  without  and  within;  receptacle  convex,  clothed  with  straight  erect  pale 
fulvous  hairs  between  the  stamens  and  carpels;  stamens  numerous,  2  to  2.5  mm.  long, 
the  connective  expanded  above  the  parallel  linear  pale  yellow  pollen  sacs,  its  surface 
velvety,  densely  covered  with  short  fine  brown  hairs;  carpels  1.5  to  2  mm.  long, 
entirely  clothed  with  pale  fulvous  hairs  and  bearing  broadly  ovoid  or  spheroid  stig- 
mas, these  densely  covered  with  erect  pale  fulvous  or  straw-colored  hairs  and  resem- 
bling minute  echinate  burs  under  the  lens,  at  the  time  of  pollination  becoming  suf- 
fused with  a  viscous  brown  fluid  and  at  length  falling  off;  fruit  not  observed,  but 
undoubtedly  short-ped uncled  and  velvety.  (PLATES  90,  91,  B.) 

Type  in  the  U.  S.  National  Herbarium,  no.  592568,  collected  on  the  wooded  hills 
of  Nicoya,  Pacific  coast  of  Costa  Rica,  May,  1900,  by  A.  Tonduz  (no.  13930); 
duplicate  in  the  herbarium  of  the  New  York  Botanical  Garden. 

DISTRIBUTION:  Pacific  coast  of  Costa  Rica;  known  only  from  the  type  locality. 

Annona  holosericea  is  distinguished  from  all  its  congeners  by  its  orbicular  leaves 
and  its  velvety  essential  parts,  of  which  both  the  connectives  of  the  stamens  and  the 
outer  stigmas  (before  becoming  cemented  together  at  the  time  of  pollination)  are  con- 
spicuously hairy,  as  seen  under  the  lens.  The  connectives  differ  from  those  of  the 
stamens  of  A.  sericea  and  its  close  allies  in  being  covered  with  very  many  fine  hairs 
instead  of  comparatively  few  coarse  ones,  and  the  stigmas  resemble  miniature  echinate 
burs  instead  of  being  covered  with  rounded  tubercles  as  in  the  species  referred  to. 

EXPLANATION  OF  PLATES  90,  91.— PI.  90,  photograph  of  the  type  specimen.  Natural  size.  PI.  91,  A,  pho- 
tograph of  flower  of  Annona  sericea,  type  collection,  figured  by  Dunal.  B,  photograph  of  flower  of 
A .  holosericea,  type  collection.  Both  scale  6. 

6.  Annona  spraguei  Safford,  sp.  nov. 
VELVETY  ANNONA  OF  PANAMA. 

A  tree  6  to  16  meters  high;  ultimate  branchlets  rufous- tomentose  when  young,  soon 
becoming  glabrescent,  and  at  length  glabrate,  with  reddish  brown  bark  thickly  dotted 
with  small  whitish  lenticels;  old  leaf  scare  prominent,  lined  with  dense  rufous  tomen- 
tum; leaves  distichous;  petioles  (of  young  leaves)  7  to  9  mm.  long,  densely  rufous- 
tomentose;  blades  oblong-lanceolate  to  obovate-oblong,  10  to  20  cm.  long  and  3  to  6 
cm.  broad,  acuminate  at  the  apex  and  rounded  or  obtusely  cuneate  at  the  base, 
pellucid-punctulate,  sparsely  pubescent  above  with  scattered  grayish  hairs,  densely 
and  softly  sericeoua-pubescent  beneath  with  appressed  grayish  olivaceous  hairs  except 
along  the  rufous- tomentose  midrib  and  lateral  nerves;  lateral  nerves  20  to  26  on  each 
side,  prominent  beneath;  blades  of  the  lowermost  leaves  on  the  flowering  branches 
rounded  or  retuse  at  the  apex,  cuneate  at  the  base,  much  smaller  than  the  rest,  some- 
times obcordate;  flowers  3-petaled,  large,  yellow,  eubglobose  in  bud;  peduncles 
solitary ,  extra-axillary,  usually  issuing  from  a  point  near  the  base  of  a  young  branchlet, 
9  to  14  mm.  long,  ferrugineous-tomentose,  with  a  small  ovate  bracteole  above  the 


Contr.  Nat.  Herb.,  Vol.  16. 


PLATE  90. 


ANNONA  HOLOSERICEA  SAFFORD. 


Contr.  Nat.  Herb.,  Vol.  16. 


PLATE  91. 


A.    ANNONA  SERICEA  DUNAL. 


B.    ANNONA  HOLOSERICEA  SAFFORD. 


Contr.  Nat.  Herb.,  Vol.  16. 


PLATE  92. 


ANNONA  SPRAGUEI  SAFFORD. 


Contr.  Nat.  Herb.,  Vol.  16. 


PLATE  93. 


ANNONA  SPRAGUEI  SAFFORD. 


SAFFOKD ANNONA   SEKICEA  AND  ITS  ALLIES. 


271 


middle;  sepals  ovate-acuminate,  8  to  10  mm.  long,  6  mm.  broad  at  the  base,  clothed 
on  the  outside  with  ferrugineous  tomentum  like  that  of  the  petiole,  within  glabrous 
at  the  base,  elsewhere  shortly  appressed-pubescent;  petals  suborbicular,  obtusely 
apiculate,  thick  and  leathery,  concave,  18  to  23  mm.  long  and  17  to  19  mm.  broad, 
clothed  on  the  outside  with  short  dense  velvety  fulvous  puberulence  and  on  the 
inside  with  fine  tomentulum,  olive  yellow  with  a  broad  dark  brown  spot  covering  the 
lower  half;  receptacle  convex,  clothed  with  very  short  straight  fine  whitish  hairs; 
stamens  numerous,  crowded,  3.3  to  3.8  mm.  long,  with  a  very  short  flat  filament  and 
parallel  linear  pollen  sacs  2  to  2.7  mm.  long;  connective  expanded  above  the  pollen 
sacs  into  a  yellow  head,  this  minutely  muriculate  with  glossy  points;  gyncecium  7  to  9 
mm.  in  diameter,  composed  of  crowded  carpels  about  4  mm.  long,  united  into  a  solid 
mass,  the  ovaries  about  equal  to  the  styles  in  length,  clothed  with  whitish  sericeous 
hairs,  the  pale  yellow  styles  more  or  less  prismatic,  termi- 
nating in  a  rounded  stigmatic  head,  the  whole  surface 
minutely  velvety  as  seen  under  the  microscope;  fruit 
spheroid,  5  cm.  in  diameter,  the  component  carpels  pro- 
duced into  long-attenuate  fleshy  claw-like  protuberances, 
the  surface  velvety  and  each  with  a  median  longitudinal 
groove  on  the  side  remote  from  the  peduncle;  seeds 
oblong,  7  to  9  mm.  long  by  4  to  5  mm.  broad,  dull  brown, 
with  a  caruncle  at  the  base.  (PLATES  92, 93.  FIGURE  43.) 

Type  in  the  U.  S.  National  Herbarium,  no.  716048,  col- 
lected at  Gamboa,  Canal  Zone,  Isthmus  of  Panama,  April 
9, 1911,  by  H.  Pittier  (no.  3409).  "A  tree  5-6  meters  high; 
leaves  soft,  tomentose;  petals  thick." 

DISTRIBUTION:  Isthmus  of  Panama,  Canal  Zone  to  Rio 
Tuyra,  Darien. 

SPECIMENS  EXAMINED:  CANAL  ZONE — Gamboa,  near 
Matachin,  type  collection,  flowers  and  leaves.  DARIEN — 
Marraganti  and  vicinity,  Rio  Tuyra,  10  to  200  feet  eleva- 
tion, R.  S.  Williams,  April,  1908,  flowers,  fruit  and  leaves, 
"A  tree  50  feet  high,  with  a  trunk  14  inches  in  diameter." 

To  this  species  should  probably  be  referred  Sutton 
Hayes's  no.  127,  collected  at  Obispo  Falls,  near  Barbacoas, 
Isthmus  of  Panama,  cited  by  Hemsley  as  "Anona  sp. 
('iAnonae  sericeae,  var.  foliis  pedalibus),"  1  and  described 
by  T.  A.  Sprague  under  the  name  Anona  uncinata?  The 
latter  name  is  unavailable,  having  been  previously  used 
by  Lamarck.3  If  Hayes's  plant,  which  I  have  not  had 
the  opportunity  of  comparing  with  the  material  upon 
which  the  present  species  is  based,  proves  to  be  identical 
with  the  latter,  it  must  assume  the  new  specific  name. 
The  leaves  of  Hayes's  plant  are  considerably  larger  than  those  of  the  material  exam- 
ined, and  a  photograph  of  the  fruit  in  the  Kew  Herbarium  shows  it  to  differ  from  that 
of  Williams's  specimen  in  the  New  York  Botanical  Garden  in  being  ovoid-globose 
instead  of  spheroid  and  in  having  the  claw-like  tips  of  the  carpels  directed  toward  the 
peduncle  instead  of  away  from  it,  as  in  the  latter  (fig.  43). 

Annona  spraguei  is  named  in  honor  of  Mr.  Thomas  Archibald  Sprague,  of  the  Royal 
Botanic  Gardens,  Kew,  by  whom  Dr.  Hayes's  plant  was  described,  as  a  tribute  to 
his  valuable  work  in  botanical  taxonomy. 

EXPLANATION  OF  PLATES  92,  93.— PI.  92,  photograph  of  a  flower  of  the  type  collection,  preserved  in 
alcohol,  with  two  petals  removed,  so  as  to  show  the  essential  parts,  and  also  of  the  gynoecium  of  another 
flower  showing  the  consolidated  mass  of  carpels  with  the  sericeous-hairy  ovaries  surmounted  by  the  prism- 
shaped  styles  terminating  in  swollen  stigmas.  Scale  5.  PI.  93,  photograph  of  the  type  in  the  United 
States  National  Herbarium.  Natural  size. 

1  Biol.  Centr.  Amer.  Bot.  1:19.          2  Bull.  Herb.  Boiss.  II.  5:  701.  1905. 
3  Lam.  Encycl.  2: 127.  1786. 


FIG.  43.— Leaf    and   fruit   of 
Annona  spraguei.    Scale  J. 


272 


CONTRIBUTIONS    FROM    THE    NATIONAL    HERBARIUM. 


7.  Annona  cercocarpa  Safford,  sp.  nov. 
ANONCILLO  OP  THE  MAGDALENA  RIVER. 

Anona  echinataf  Triana  &  Planch.  Prodr.  Fl.  Novogran.  28. 1862,  not  A.  echinata 

Dunal,  1817. 

Branchlets  at  first  fermgineous-pubescent,  soon  becoming  glabrate,  dark  reddish 
brown  to  black,  set  with  whitish  lenticels;  petioles  4  to  5  mm.  long,  broadly  channeled 
above,  at  first  appressed -pubescent,  at  length  glabrate;  blades  membranaceous,  punc- 
tulate,  those  on  the  upper  part  of  the  flowering  branches  ovate  to  obovate-oblong,  acute 
or  acuminate  at  the  apex  and  rounded  or  cuneate  at  the  base,  9  to  9.5  cm.  long  and 

3.5  to  3.9  cm.  broad,  with  10 
to  12  secondary  nerves  on 
each  side  the  midrib;  lower 
leaves  shorter  and  broader, 
6.7  cm.  long  and  4.2  cm. 
broad,  with  9  to  11  lateral 
nerves  on  each  side;  lower- 
most leaves  smallest,  broadly 
cordate,  2.4  cm.  long  and  2.3 
cm.  broad;  all  of  them  at 
first  pubescent  above,  dense- 
ly so  along  the  impressed 
midrib  and  lateral  nerves,  at 
length  glabrate;  beneath  con- 
spicuously veined,  with  the 
veins  at  right  angles  to  the 
secondary  nerves,  these  to- 
gether with  the  midrib 
clothed  with  short  pale  ru- 
fous pubescence,  the  re- 
mainder of  the  blade  be- 
neath sparsely  rufous-pubes- 
cent; peduncles  solitary,  ex- 
tra-axillary, 17  mm.  long  in 
fruit,  at  length  glabrate ;  flow- 
ers not  observed ;  calyx  lobea 
broadly  triangular,  acute;  car- 
pels numerous;  fruit  spher- 
oid, about  28  mm.  in  diame- 
ter, the  component  carpels 


FIG.  44.— Leafy  twig  and  fruit  of  Annona 
somewhat  enlarged,  a,  Tail-like  tip  of  carpel; 
6,  slightly  enlarged. 


pilose,  terminating  each  in 
rcocarpa,  the  fruit  a  slender  appressed-hirsute 
.seeds,  a,  Scale  5;  more  or  less  curled  tail ;  seeds 
obovate  or  obpyramidal,  5  to 
7  mm.  long  by  4  mm.  broad,  somewhat  compressed,  with  a  smooth  hard  brown  testa 
and  a  conspicuous  caruncle  at  the  base.  (PLATE  94.  FIGURE  44.) 

Type  in  the  Kew  Herbarium  (from  Herbarium  Hookerianum,  1867),  collected  at 
San  Pablo  on  the  Magdalena  River,  Province  of  Mompox,  New  Grenada  [Colombia], 
1851-1857,  by  J.  Triana;  duplicate  in  De  Candolle  Herbarium. 
DISTRIBUTION:  Known  only  from  type  locality. 
EXPLANATION  OF  PLATE  94.— Photograph  of  type  specimen. 


Contr.  Nat.  Herb.,  Vol.  16. 


PLATE  94. 


ANNONA  CERCOCARPA  SAFFORD. 


Contr.  Nat.  Herb.,  Vol.  16. 


PLATE  95. 


ANNONA  ECHINATA  DUNAL. 


Contr.  Nat.  Herb.r  Vol.  16. 


PLATE  96. 


ANNONA  ECHINATA  DUNAL. 


SAFFOKD ANNONA   SERICEA   AND  ITS  ALLIES.  273 

8.  Annona  echinata  Dunal. 
PRICKLY  ANNONA  OF  FRENCH  GUIANA. 

Anona  echinata  Dunal,  Monogr.  Anon.  68.  pi.  4-  1817. 

Branches  divaricate,  clothed  when  young  with  ferrugineous  hairs,  at  length  glabrate, 
blackish,  rugose,  and  bearing  many  lenticels;  petioles  5  mm.  long,  deeply  grooved 
above,  at  first  minutely  appressed-pubescent,  at  length  glabrescent;  blades  membra- 
naceous  or  subcoriaceous,  thicker  than  those  of  A.  sericea,  pellucid-punctate,  those 
on  the  upper  parts  of  the  flowering  branches  ovate-oblong  or  ovate-lanceolate,  some- 
what acute  or  obtusely  acuminate  at  the  apex,  rounded  or  cuneate  at  the  base,  gla- 
brous above,  the  midrib  impressed  and  bordered  on  each  side  with  numerous  very 
short  raised  veins  at  right  angles  to  it,  the  secondary  nerves  (8  to  10  on  each  side) 
sharply  defined,  connected  by  reticulating  veins;  beneath  clothed  with  fine  short 
dull  grayish  ferrugineous  pubescence  or  tomentulum  and  reticulated  between  the 
prominent  midrib  and  secondary  nerves;  lowermost  leaves  on  flowering  branches 
smaller  and  relatively  broader,  sometimes  obtuse  or  retuse  at  the  apex  as  in  many 
other  species  of  the  genus;  peduncle  solitary,  1-flowered,  11  mm.  long  (in  the  type 
specimen),  extra-axillary,  issuing  from  the  base  of  a  new  branchlet  and  apparently 
terminal  on  account  of  the  abortion  of  the  portion  of  the  branchlet  beyond  it  (as  in 
many  other  Annonaceae),  ferrugineous- tomentose  or  hirtellous  and  bearing  a  small 
tomentose  bracteole  below  the  middle;  flowers  similar  in  size  and  shape  to  those  of 
A.  sericea,  spheroid  in  bud,  normally  3-petaled,  but  sometimes  in  the  rainy  season 
(according  to  Sagot)  with  3  additional  inner  petals  alternating  with  the  outer  and 
closing  the  seams  between  them;  calyx  3-lobed,  5  mm.  in  diameter,  the  divisions 
broadly  triangular  and  obtuse,  clothed  on  the  outside  like  the  peduncle  with  ferru- 
gineous hairs;  petals  broadly  ovate  or  suborbicular,  obtuse,  thick,  coriaceous,  con- 
cave, 11  mm.  long  and  10  mm.  broad  (in  type  flower),  clothed  on  the  outside  with 
minute  ferrugineous  pubescence;  stamens  numerous  2  to  2.5  mm.  long,  with  a  short 
broad  filament,  linear  pollen  sacs,  and  a  connective  expanded  into  a  swollen  head, 
this  minutely  papillose  or  muriculate  but  devoid  of  hairs;  carpels  numerous,  united 
in  a  conoid  gynoscium,  the  ovaries  clothed  with  appressed  ferrugineous  hairs;  fruit 
ovoid,  small,  24  mm.  long  by  17  mm.  broad  (fruit  of  type  possibly  immature),  bearing 
numerous  recurved  protuberances  corresponding  to  the  individual  carpels,  the  sur- 
face clothed  with  fine  appressed  ferrugineous  pubescence;  seeds  oblong,  6  mm.  long 
and  3  mm.  broad;  peduncle  at  length  thickened  and  woody, sometimes  apparently 
terminal  from  the  abortion  of  the  portion  of  the  branch  beyond  it.  (PLATES  95,  96.) 

Type  in  the  Prodromus  Herbarium  of  De  Candolle  at  Geneva  (ex  Herb.  Lhe'ritier), 
collected  about  1795  at  "Cayenne"  (French  Guiana)  by  J.  B.  Patris. 

DISTRIBUTION:  Guiana  and  probably  Brazil. 

SPECIMENS  EXAMINED:  FRENCH  GUIANA — "Cayenne,"  Patris,  type  collection, 
leaf,  stamens,  and  tip  of  carpel;  Mana,  Sagot  6,  leaf  and  stamens,  from  Kew  Herbarium. 

This  species  is  undoubtedly  closely  related  to  A.  sericea  Dunal,  but  differs  conspicu- 
ously from  that  species  in  the  character  of  the  indumentof  the  leaves  and  tlie  absence 
of  hairs  on  the  swollen  terminal  head  of  the  connective  of  the  stamens.  Its  ovoid, 
echinate  fruits  resemble  miniature  soiirsops  (A.  muricata  L.).  The  recurved  carpel 
tips  are  somewhat  like  those  of  A.  cercocarpa  described  above,  but  differ  from  them  in 
their  less  length  and  in  their  much  finer,  appressed  pubescence,  the  carpels  of  A. 
cercocarpa  being  prolonged  into  tail-like  appendages  covered  with  relatively  coarse, 
etrigose  hairs  (fig.  44).  The  present  species  is  also  sharply  distinct  from  the  preceding 
in  the  shape  and  texture  of  its  leaves,  as  indicated  by  the  accompanying  illustrations. 

EXPLANATION  OF  PLATES  95,  96.— PI.  95,  photograph  of  type  specimen  in  De  Candolle  Prodromus  Her- 
barium. Natural  size.  PI.  96,  drawing  from  type  material,  that  of  fruit  reproduced  from  original  plate; 
a,  petal;  6,  stamen;  c,  cross  section  of  fruit;  d,  tip  of  mature  carpel;  e,  immature  carpel  bearing  style. 
Figs,  a  and  c,  natural  size;  b  and  e,  scale  20;  d,  scale  8. 

85668°— VOL  16,  PT  10—13 2 


274  CONTRIBUTIONS    FROM    THE    NATIONAL    HERBARIUM. 

9.  Annona  acuminata  Safford,  sp.  nov. 
SMALLER  WILD  ANNONA  OF  PANAMA. 

AnoTia  echinata  Hemsl.  Biol.  Centr.  Amer.  Bot.  1:  19.  1879,  not  Dunal,  1817. 

A  small  tree  5  to  7  meters  high  with  slender  branches  roughened  by  thickly  crowded 
prominent  reddish  brown  lenticels;  very  young  branchlets  clothed  with  minute 
appressed  ferrugineous  hairs  scarcely  visible  even  with  the  aid  of  a  lens,  very  soon 
glabrate;  leaves  small,  thin,  membranaceous,  glabrate,  pellucid -punctulate  (those  of 
flowering  branches  only  observed),  6.5  to  8  cm.  long  and  1 .8  to  2.2  cm.  broad,  lanceolate 
or  oblong-elliptical,  gradually  acuminate  at  the  apex,  the  tip  usually  rounded,  acute 
at  the  base,  the  blade  decurrent  on  the  short  thick  channeled  petiole  (1.5  to  3 
mm.  long),  often  conduplicate  or  revolute;  midrib  impressed  above,  prominent 
beneath,  ferrugineous  or  cinnamon  brown,  and  bearing  minute  scattered  appressed 
hairs  when  young,  but  at  length  glabrous  or  nearly  so;  lateral  nerves  10  to  12  on  each 
ride,  not  impressed  above,  distinct  beneath  and  colored  like  the  midrib,  glabrous, 
dichotomously  branching  and  anastomosing  before  reaching  the  margin;  peduncles 
solitary,  1-flowered,  extra-axillary,  sometimes  nearly  opposite  a  leaf,  at  first  minutely 
appressed -pilose,  at  length  glabrate,  12  to  16  mm.  long,  remarkable  in  comparison  with 
closely  related  species  for  two  linear- lanceolate  acuminate  bracteoles  2  to  4  mm.  long, 
one  situated  at  the  base  and  one  at  or  a  little  above  the  middle ;  flower  subglobose  in 
bud,  about  15  mm.  in  diameter;  calyx  gamosepalous,  subtriangular,  with  three  slender 
acuminate  points  projecting  from  the  broad  base,  appressed -pilose  on  the  outside 
and  with  a  fringe  of  stiff  rufous  hairs  within  at  the  base  of  the  receptacle;  receptacle 
convex,  clothed  with  pale  yellow  hairs  between  the  bases  of  the  stamens;  stamens 
numerous,  2.5  mm.  long,  the  connective  expanded  into  a  broad  flat  hood  above  the 
pollen  sacs,  its  surface  muriculate  with  short  stiff  points  but  without  hairs;  pollen 
bright  orange  yellow,  in  two  vertical  columns  of  tetrads;  carpels  numerous,  the 
minutely  hirtellous  ovaries  united  into  a  disk-like  mass  and  bearing  club-shaped, 
easily  detached  styles  1.5  mm.  long;  fruit  not  observed.  (PLATE  97.) 

Type  in  the  Kew  Herbarium  (from  Herbarium  Hookerianum,  1867),  collected  at 
the  Bojfo  Station,  Panama  Railroad,  Isthmus  of  Panama,  June,  1861,  by  Sutton  Hayes 
(no.  142).  "A  email  tree,  15  to  20  feet  high." 

EXPLANATION  OF  PLATE  97.— Main  figure,  drawing  of  type  by  A.  B.  Boettcher.  Natural  size.  Fig.  a, 
flower,  showing  long  peduncle  with  acuminate  bracteoles;  b,  receptacle,  bearing  a  few  stamens  and  the 
mass  of  ovaries  denuded  of  their  styles;  c,  carpels,  composed  of  short  hairy  ovaries  surmounted  by  club- 
shaped  styles;  d,  stamens,  showing  linear  pollen  sacs,  one  of  which  has  opened,  displaying  the  pollen 
grains  in  tetrads,  and  the  expanded,  mutriculate  connective  heads,  a,  Natural  size;  b,  scale  about  2; 
c,  scale  about  10;  d,  scale  1C. 

10.  Annona  jamaicensis  Sprague. 
WILD  ANNONA  OP  JAMAICA. 

Anona  jamaicensis  Sprague,  Bull.  Herb.  Boiss.  II.  5:  701.  1905. 

Anona  sericea  Griseb.  Fl.  Brit.  W.  Ind.  5.  1864,  not  Dunal,  1817. 

A  slender  tree  3  to  9  meters  high ;  young  branchlets  ferrugineous-pubescent,  soon 
glabrescent;  branches  grayish  brown  or  reddish  brown,  bearing  many  inconspicuous 
brownish  lenticels;  old  leaf  scars  prominent,  lined  with  ferrugineous  tomentum; 
petioles  7  to  18  mm.  long,  channeled  above,  finely  appressed-pubescent  at  first,  at 
length  glabrescent;  blades  ovate  or  obovate  to  obovate-oblong,  shortly  and  obtusely 
acuminate  at  the  apex  and  rounded  or  obtusely  cuneate  at  the  base,  10  to  20  cm. 
long,  4.5  to  8.5  cm.  broad  (those  near  the  base  of  young  branches  often  considerably 
smaller),  glabrous  above,  finely  appressed-pubescent  beneath,  at  length  sparsely  so 
except  along  the  ferrugineous  midrib  and  lateral  nerves;  midrib  impressed  above, 
prominent  beneath;  lateral  nerves  slightly  curved,  11  to  18  on  each  side  the  midrib, 


Contr.  Nat.  Herb.,  Vol.  16. 


PLATE  97. 


Boucher,  del. 


ANNONA  ACUMINATA  SAFFORD. 


Contr.  Nat.  Herb.,  Vol.  16. 


PLATE  98. 


ANNONA  JAMAICENSIS  SPRAGUE. 


Contr.  Nat.  Herb.,  Vol.  16. 


PLATE  99. 


ANNONA  JAMAICENSIS  SPRAQUE. 


SAFFORD ANNONA   SEEICEA  AND  ITS  ALLIES.  275 

not  impressed  above,  prominent  and  sharply  defined  beneath;  peduncle  8  to  12  mm. 
long,  fermgineous-tomentose,  with  a  small  tomentose  bracteole  near  the  middle; 
flowers  ovoid  to  oblong  in  bud,  3-petaled;  calyx  3-parted,  the  lobes  broadly  ovate, 
obtuse  or  obtusely  acuminate,  3  mm.  long  and  3  mm.  broad  at  the  base,  clothed  on 
the  outside  with  femigineous  tomentum  like  that  of  the  peduncle;  petals  ovate  to 
oblong,  obtuse,  11  to  20  mm.  long  and  6  to  8  mm.  broad,  thick  and  leathery,  clothed 
on  the  outside  with  fine  ferrugineous  velvety  tomentum,  lined  within  except  near 
the  reddish  brown  base  with  fine  grayish  tomentulum;  stamens  numerous,  1.6  to  2 
mm.  long,  the  connective  somewhat  broader  than  the  lobes  of  the  whitish  pollen 
sacs,  minutely  papillose  (under  the  microscope);  carpels  numerous,  closely  crowded 
in  a  conoid  gyncecium,  the  styles  together  with  the  ovaries  about  1.25  mm.  long,  the 
latter  clothed  with  ferrugineous  sericeous  hairs;  stigmas  compressed-ovoid,  0.5  mm. 
long,  cemented  together  at  the  time  of  pollination  by  a  reddish  brown  viscous  fluid; 
fruit  globose  or  somewhat  oblate,  more  or  less  umbilicate  at  the  base,  4  to  6  cm.  in 
diameter,  clothed  with  grayish  brown  pubescence,  with  the  carpels  produced  into 
tubercles  usually  hooked  or  incurved  at  the  tips;  seeds  12  to  16  mm.  long,  6  to  10  mm. 
broad,  obovate,  somewhat  compressed,  reddish  brown  or  tan-colored,  with  a  smooth 
thin  testa  more  or  less  wrinkled  by  the  inclosed  ruminate  albumen.  (PLATES  98,  99.) 

Type  in  the  Kew  Herbarium,  collected  near  Bath,  eastern  Jamaica,  by  William 
Purdie,  1844.  Cotypes,  without  definite  locality,  collected  by  March  (nos.  4,  7,  1571) 
and  Alexander  Prior  (also  cited  by  Grisebach  under  "A.  sericea"). 

DISTRIBUTION:  Known  only  from  the  island  of  Jamaica. 

SPECIMENS  EXAMINED:  JAMAICA — Without  definite  locality,  1849-50,  Alexander 
Prior,  in  Gray  Herbarium  (with  ovoid  flower  bud);  roadside  near  Hampton,  Santa 
Cruz  Mountains,  alt.  700  meters,  September  4,  5,  1907,  N.  L.  Britton  1196,  in  herb. 
New  York  Botanical  Garden  (with  almost  mature  fruit) ;  Sheldon  Road,  St.  Andrew, 
alt.  750  meters,  September  10,  1897,  William  Harris,  6861,  in  U.  S.  National  Herba- 
rium (with fully  developed  flower  and  fruit). 

Annona  jamaicensis  has  been  known  hitherto  from  specimens  in  which  the  flowers 
were  evidently  immature.  The  petals  were  described  by  Sprague  as  ovate,  obtuse, 
11  to  12  mm.  long  and  8  mm.  broad.  The  accompanying  drawing  (pi.  99)  shows 
them  to  be  longer  and  relatively  narrower  when  fully  developed,  approaching  the 
shape  of  the  petals  of  A.  cherimola  and  its  allies,  but  distinguished  from  them  in  not 
being  triquetrous  or  keeled  on  the  inner  face.  Moreover,  the  connective  of  the  sta- 
mens is  not  so  much  swollen  as  in  the  section  to  which  those  species  belong;  and 
the  incurved  tips  of  the  mature  carpels  serve  also  to  prevent  the  confusion  of  this 
species  with  A.  cherimola  Mill.,  which  is  sometimes  cultivated  in  the  mountains  of 
Jamaica.  The  flower  buds  somewhat  resemble  those  of  A.  sericea  when  immature, 
but  the  indument  of  the  petals  in  the  present  species  is  more  velvety  and  of  a  more 
reddish  color,  while  the  stamens  never  bear  hairs  on  the  connective  terminal.  In 
addition  to  these  points  of  difference  the  leaves  are  relatively  broader  and  are  never 
clothed  with  the  dark  red,  soft,  velvety  lining  of  the  leaves  of  A.  sericea  and  its 
close  allies. 

EXPLANATION  OF  PLATES  98,  99.— PI.  98,  photograph  of  Alexander  Prior's  specimen  in  the  Gray  Herba- 
rium (cotype  collection),  with  immature,  ovoid,  unopened  flower  bud.  PI.  99,  main  figure,  drawing  of 
specimen  in  the  U.  S.  National  Herbarium  (from  herb.  Public  Garden,  Jamaica),  by  A.  B.  Boet^cher, 
showing  leaves,  flower,  and  fruit.  Natural  size.  Fig.  o,  stamens;  6,  flower  with  petals  and  some  of  the 
stamens  removed;  c,  seeds.  Fig.  a,  scale  12;  6,  scale  nearly  3;  c,  natural  size. 


INDEX. 


[Synonyms  in  italics.    Page  numbers  of  principal  entries  in  heavy-face  type.J 


Ajmona  acuminata 274 

angustifolia 266,267,269 

cercocarpa 272, 273 

cherlmola 263,264,275 

diversifolia 263 

echinata 263,272,«7^,  273,274 

globiflora 263,266 

263,269,270 

263,264,269,274,275 

jenmanii 267, 268 

longipes 269 

long-stemmed,  of  Veracruz 269 

muricata 263,266 

paludosa 264,266,268,269 

prickly,  of  French  Guiana 273 

reticulata 264 

sclerodenna 263 

section  Pil annona 264 


264, 265, 266, 267, 268,  S68, 269, 270, 273, 275 
angustifolia 266 

silky 263,265 

of  British  Guiana 267 

of  French  Guiana 265 

spraguei 263,270,271 


trinitensis 263,267,268 

velvety,  of  Nicoya 269 

.      270 


Annonaceae 263, 265 

Dunal's  monograph 263 

Annonella  (section) 263 

Anona  sericea 265,274,275 

sp 271 

uncinata 271 

A  nonae  sericeae  var.  foliis  pedalibus 271 

Anoncillo  of  the  Magdalena  River 272 

Atta  (section) 263,264 

Chelinocarpus  (section) 263 

Corossol  sauvage 266 

Custard  apple 264 

Fragaria  vesca 268 

Guimame" 266 

savane 266 

llama  (section) 263 

Long-stemmed  annona  of  Veracruz 269 

Patris.J.B.,  collector 266 

Pilannona  (section) 263,264 

Prickly  annona  of  French  Guiana 273 

Silky  annona 263 

of  British  Guiana 267 

of  French  Guiana .265 


Strawberry 

Velvety  annona  of  Nicoya. 
of  Panama 


270 


o 


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